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Origin of the Surname Calduna
The surname Calduna presents a current geographical distribution that, according to available data, shows a practically exclusive presence in the Philippines, with an incidence of 1. This indicates that the surname is extremely rare and that its presence in other countries is practically non-existent or very limited. The concentration in the Philippines, a country with a Spanish colonial past, suggests that the surname could have roots in the Iberian Peninsula, specifically in Spain, and that its dispersion to the Philippines was due to the migratory and colonial processes that occurred during the Spanish colonial era. The history of the Philippines, as a Spanish colony from the 16th century to the 19th century, facilitated the introduction and establishment of Spanish surnames in the local population. Therefore, it is plausible that Calduna is a surname of Spanish origin, possibly linked to some specific region or locality in the peninsula, which subsequently spread in the Philippines through colonization.
Etymology and Meaning of Calduna
Linguistic analysis of the Calduna surname suggests that it could be a toponym, given that many Spanish surnames ending in -a or -una are related to place names or geographical features. The root "Cald-" could derive from the Latin "calidus", meaning "hot" or "fiery", which would indicate a possible reference to a place characterized by its warm climate or by some geographic feature related to heat. The ending "-una" in Spanish, although less frequent, can be linked to diminutive forms or to names of ancient places that have evolved phonetically over time.
Another hypothesis is that Calduna may derive from a place name or a physical feature, such as a river, a hill or a geographical area with some quality related to heat or temperature. The structure of the surname does not present clearly patronymic elements, such as -ez or -iz, which in the Spanish context would indicate affiliation. Nor does it show typical elements of occupational or descriptive surnames, such as Herrero or Rubio. Therefore, the most probable classification would be toponymic, linked to a place or geographical feature.
As for its possible etymological root, if we consider the influence of Latin, "caldus" (hot) could have given rise to a place name or nickname that later became a surname. The presence of the final vowel "-a" also suggests that it could be a feminine place name or an adapted form in the Spanish language. However, since there are no clear historical records or known variants of the Calduna surname in documented sources, these hypotheses remain in the realm of speculation based on linguistic analysis and geographic distribution.
History and Expansion of the Surname
The current distribution of the surname Calduna, centered in the Philippines, allows us to infer that its most likely origin is in the Iberian Peninsula, specifically in Spain, due to the country's colonial history in Asia. The presence in the Philippines, with a unique incidence, suggests that the surname was brought there during the time of Spanish colonization, which began in the 16th century and lasted for several centuries. The introduction of surnames in the Philippines was a systematic process, especially after the implementation of the surname system in the 19th century, with the aim of facilitating civil and administrative records.
Calduna may have been a surname of some family or lineage in a specific region of Spain, which was later transferred to the Philippines by Spanish colonizers, missionaries or officials. The limited dispersal in other countries and the concentration in the Philippines reinforce the hypothesis that its expansion was mainly through colonization and internal migration in the colonial context. The low incidence in other countries suggests that it is not a surname widely spread in the peninsula, but rather a surname of regional or local origin that acquired greater relevance in the Philippine context.
In historical terms, the presence of the surname in the Philippines may be linked to Spanish families who resided on the islands or to individuals who played administrative, religious or military roles during the colony. The expansion of the surname, therefore, would be a reflection of migratory movements and Spanish colonial influence in the region.
Variants and Related Forms of Calduna
Due to the scarcity of historical records and documented variants of the surnameCalduna, it is difficult to identify alternative spellings or regional adaptations with certainty. However, in the context of colonization and oral transmission, it is possible that phonetic or graphic variants existed, such as Calduña, Calduna or even adapted forms in other languages or regions. The influence of the Filipino language, as well as other languages in the region, could have led to small variations in the pronunciation or writing of the surname.
In relation to related surnames, those that share the root "Caldu-" or that also appear to have a toponymic or descriptive origin, could be considered as family in etymological terms. However, without specific data, these relationships remain within the realm of hypothesis. Phonetic adaptation in different countries or regions could also have generated regional forms of the surname, although there are no documented records confirming specific variants of Calduna in other languages or cultures.
In summary, Calduna seems to be a surname of probably toponymic or descriptive origin, with roots in the Iberian Peninsula, which expanded mainly to the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era. The limited presence in other countries and the concentration in the Philippines reinforce the hypothesis of an origin linked to colonial history and internal migrations in that context.
