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Origin of the Surname Estartus
The surname Estartus presents a geographical distribution that, currently, reveals a significant presence in Spanish-speaking countries, especially in Spain and in several Latin American nations. According to available data, approximately 67% of the incidents are found in Spain, followed by 34% in Chile, with a residual presence in France, England, and Peru. This distribution suggests that the most likely origin of the surname is in the Iberian Peninsula, specifically in Spain, given that the concentration in this country is considerably higher than that of other countries. The presence in Latin American countries, such as Chile and Peru, can be explained by historical processes of colonization and migration, which led to the dispersion of the surname in these regions. The presence in France and England, although minimal, could be due to migratory movements or cultural exchanges in recent times. Taken together, the current distribution indicates that Estartus probably has a Spanish origin, with a later expansion towards America and, to a lesser extent, other European countries. The history of the Iberian Peninsula, marked by a long tradition of forming patronymic, toponymic and descriptive surnames, may offer additional clues about its genesis.
Etymology and Meaning of Estartus
The linguistic analysis of the surname Estartus suggests that it could derive from Latin or pre-Roman roots, given its phonetic and morphological component. The ending in "-us" is typical in words of Latin origin, although in Spanish surnames it is not very frequent, which could indicate an adaptation or influence from other languages or an ancient toponymic origin. The root "Estar-" does not clearly correspond to common words in Spanish, Catalan or Basque, so it can be suggested that the surname has a toponymic origin, possibly related to a place or a geographical characteristic. The presence of the syllable "Estar" may bring to mind terms related to "estar" in Spanish, but in the context of a surname, this would be a phonetic coincidence. Alternatively, it could derive from a place name that, over time, became a surname. The ending "-us" could also indicate an adaptation of a Latin name or term, which was later Hispanicized. Regarding its classification, Estartus is probably a toponymic surname, given that many surnames with similar endings in the Iberian Peninsula originate from place names or geographical features. The structure of the surname does not suggest a classical patronymic, such as those ending in "-ez" or "-ez", nor a clearly occupational or descriptive surname. Therefore, the most plausible hypothesis is that it is a toponymic surname, possibly related to a place whose original name has evolved phonetically to become Estartus.
History and Expansion of the Surname
The probable origin of the surname Estartus in the Iberian Peninsula places its origin in a region where toponymic surnames began to be consolidated in the Middle Ages, approximately between the 12th and 15th centuries. The concentration in Spain, especially in regions with a history of the formation of small population centers and the presence of ancient place names, reinforces this hypothesis. The expansion of the surname towards Latin America, particularly towards Chile and Peru, may be linked to the colonization and migration processes that began in the 16th century, when the Spanish took their surnames to the conquered and colonized territories. The presence in France and England, although marginal, could be explained by migratory movements in modern times or by the influence of Spanish families in these countries. The current geographic dispersion may also reflect internal migration in Spain, where toponymic surnames tend to be maintained in regions close to their original origin, and in the American colonies, where Spanish surnames became widely disseminated. The current distribution, with a high incidence in Spain and Latin American countries, suggests that Estartus probably originated in a specific locality on the peninsula, which subsequently served as a starting point for its expansion through colonization and migration. The history of the Iberian Peninsula, marked by the presence of numerous toponyms and the formation of surnames from these, supports the hypothesis of a toponymic origin, which was consolidated in the Middle Ages and expanded with the movementscolonizers.
Variants and Related Forms of Estartus
In the analysis of the variants of the surname Estartus, it can be considered that, given its probable origin in a toponym or a Latin root, different spelling forms could exist in historical records or in different regions. However, the paucity of specific data limits a comprehensive identification of variants. It is possible that in ancient documents or in records in different countries, the surname has been spelled with slight variations, such as Estartus, Estartes, or even phonetic adaptations in other languages, such as Estartus in French or Estartos in English. The influence of other related surnames or surnames with a common root may include variants that share similar phonetic elements, although not necessarily with the same spelling. In regions where pronunciation differs, phonetic adaptations may have given rise to distinct forms of the surname, which over time became consolidated in official records. The existence of related surnames, which share roots or morphological elements, can also indicate a common origin or a phonetic evolution from the same toponym or place name. In short, although the specific variants of Estartus are not widely documented, it is likely that there are regional or historical forms that reflect its phonetic and orthographic evolution in different cultural and linguistic contexts.
